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HMS ''Pioneer'' was a ''Colossus''-class aircraft carrier built for the Royal Navy during World War II. She was modified whilst under construction into an aircraft maintenance carrier. The ship arrived in Australia in mid-1945 to support operations by the British Pacific Fleet against Japanese forces. She supported the British attacks on the Japanese Home Islands from mid-June until the end of the war in August from a base in the Admiralty Islands. The ship and her facilities were used to help repair Hong Kong's infrastructure in late 1945 and she returned to the UK in early 1946. ''Pioneer'' was immediately placed in reserve upon her arrival and she was sold in 1954 for scrap. ==Design, description and construction== The ''Colossus''-class carriers were intended to meet a shortage of naval flight decks. Their design was based on that of the ''Illustrious''-class aircraft carriers, but modified to permit rapid construction in commercial yards. ''Pioneer'' was not completed to her original design; the success of the maintenance aircraft carrier prompted modification of the ship, whilst under construction, to an aircraft maintenance ship without aircraft catapults.〔Friedman, pp. 237, 239〕 ''Pioneer'' had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draught of at deep load. She displaced at standard load. Each of the ship's two sets of Parsons geared steam turbines drove one propeller shaft. Steam was supplied by four Admiralty three-drum water-tube boilers operating at a pressure of . The turbines were designed for a total of and gave ''Pioneer'' a speed of .〔Lenton, p. 107〕 The ship carried of fuel oil which gave her a range of at .〔Hobbs, p. 73〕 In order to maximize space for workshops and stores, the ship's arresting gear and catapult were not fitted; two large deckhouses were added to port of the island and on the rear of the flight deck. The ship had a single hangar, high. Aircraft were transported between the hangars and the flight deck by two aircraft lifts (elevators); each measured .〔Friedman, p. 367〕 Two large cranes were mounted on the flight deck to move aircraft and stores to and from the flight deck. The ship carried two small self-propelled lighters to allow unflyable aircraft to be transferred between ships or to shore facilities. Bulk petrol storage consisted of .〔Hobbs, pp. 69, 73〕 The ship's crew totaled 854, plus 222 in her aircraft repair department.〔 The ship was equipped with six quadruple mounts for the QF 2-pounder Mk VIII gun ("pom-pom").〔 These gun mounts could depress to −10° and elevate to a maximum of +80°. The Mk VIII 2-pounder gun fired a shell at a muzzle velocity of to a distance of . The gun's rate of fire was approximately 96–98 rounds per minute.〔Campbell, pp. 71–74〕 She was also fitted with 19 Bofors 40 mm autocannon in single mounts.〔 The Bofors fired a shell at a muzzle velocity of . It had a rate of fire of about 120 rounds per minute and a maximum range of .〔Campbell, pp. 67, 70〕 All of the guns were mounted on the flight deck, not in sponsons on the side of the hull like her half-sisters that were completed as aircraft carriers.〔Hobbs, p. 68〕 Each "pom-pom" mount was provided with a separate fire-control director fitted with a Type 262 gunnery radar.〔 ''Pioneer'' was ordered on 7 August 1942 under the name ''Ethalion'',〔Lenton, p. 108〕 but was renamed ''Mars'' later in 1942.〔Colledge, p. 217〕 She was laid down at Vickers-Armstrong in Barrow-in-Furness on 2 December and was launched on 20 May 1944〔 The ship was renamed ''Pioneer'' in July 1944〔 after the decision had been made to convert her to an aircraft maintenance ship.〔 and was completed on 8 February 1945.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Pioneer (R76)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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